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Third-party grading
Third Party Grading (TPG) refers to coin grading, authentication, attribution, and encapsulation by independent certification services. These services will, for a tiered fee, "slab" a coin. Professional Coin Grading Service (PCGS), Numismatic Guaranty Corporation (NGC), Independent Coin Graders (ICG), and ANACS are the most popular and credible services. Together they have certified over 80 million coins. All four firms guarantee the grades and authenticity of their certified coins. Certified Acceptance Corporation (CAC) is a coin certification service which certifies -- and makes a market in -- certain high-end coins already certified by PCGS or NGC.
==History==
Third party coin certification was pioneered by ANACS, which was founded by the American Numismatic Association (ANA) in 1972. The Board of Governors realized the need to have a guarantee of authenticity, so they offered the first authentication service. At that time, the coins were not graded, only confirmed as genuine. Coins were returned with a photo certificate but not encapsulated.
In 1986, PCGS began operations, providing encapsulation with a plastic slab now known as its first-generation holder (aka Old Green Holder () or rattler, because of its label color and the fact that coins would rattle inside.) NGC commenced business in 1987. Other companies have provided similar services but most are no longer in business and all have certified far fewer coins.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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